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\title{Towards the Automatic Construction of \\ Artificial Alphabets}
\author[Moos Hueting]{Moos Hueting\\{\tiny Supervised by dr. Tim Weyrich}}
\institute[UCL]{University College London}
\date[21-03-2012]{March 21, 2012}

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}[plain]
  \titlepage
\end{frame}

\section{Introduction}

\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{Outline}
   \begin{itemize}
       \item Introduction on artificial alphabets
       \item Problem statement
       \item Related work
       \item Project outline
       \item Timeline
       \item Questions
   \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Writing Systems}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{img/alphabets}
    \label{fig:alphabets}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Artificial Alphabets}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Many fictional alphabets exist
        \item Some of them actually in use in the real world
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Hangul}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{img/hangul_alphabet}
    \caption{Hangul, the official script of Korea}
    \label{fig:hangul}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Cherokee}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{img/cherokee_syllabary}
    \caption{Cherokee syllabary}
    \label{fig:cherokee}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{What is an alphabet?}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Not just a random amalgamation of pixels \pause
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Needs to be \emph{writeable}
            \item Needs to be \emph{recognizable}, i.e. easy to learn
            \item Needs to map spoken language to written text
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{img/hiragana_no}
    ~
    \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{img/random32x32}
    \caption{One is a character, one not so much}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Problem statement}
    \begin{center}
    Generating artificial alphabets for human use, maximizing writeability and recognizability
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\section{Related Work}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Related work}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item No direct related work - exciting!
        \item Shape grammars fit our problem quite well
        \item Genetic Programming
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Shape grammars}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Formalised by Stiny, 1980
        \item Provide a way for formalising shape creation
        \item Best explained by example
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[plain]
   \begin{reference}{4mm}{85mm}
    Stiny, G., Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and planning B 1980
   \end{reference} 
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{img/SG_initial}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[plain]
   \begin{reference}{4mm}{85mm}
    Stiny, G., Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and planning B 1980
   \end{reference} 
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{img/SG_rules}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[plain]
   \begin{reference}{4mm}{85mm}
    Stiny, G., Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and planning B 1980
   \end{reference} 
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/SG_applied}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Shape grammars - continued}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Has been applied to design by Rosenman, 1997
        \item Creating rooms using shape grammars
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Shape grammars - Rosenman}
    \begin{reference}{4mm}{82mm}
    Rosenman, M.A., The generation of form using an evolutionary approach, Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering Applications, Springer-Verlag 1997
    \end{reference}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/roomSG_rules}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Shape grammars - Rosenman, continued}
    \begin{reference}{4mm}{82mm}
    Rosenman, M.A., The generation of form using an evolutionary approach, Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering Applications, Springer-Verlag 1997
    \end{reference}
    \begin{figure}[h!tb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/roomSG_applied}
    \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Shape grammars - Rosenman, continued}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Shape grammar rules only work locally
        \item No global evaluation measure \pause
        \item Genetic algorithms fill this gap
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Genetic algorithms}
    \begin{enumerate}
        \item Generate large pool of individual solutions
        \item Select individuals according to biased random fitness function
        \item Evolve selected individuals using evolutionary mechanisms
    \end{enumerate}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Genetic algorithms - Evolutionary mechanisms}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Cross-over
        \item Mutation
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\section{Project Outline}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Project outline}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Use shape grammar to generate initial population
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Initial shapes extracted from capitals of Roman alphabet
            \item Rule set to be decided
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Project outline}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Use genetic algorithms to optimize characters in a layered fashion
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Select results from shape grammar according to certain fitness function
            \begin{enumerate} 
                \item By user
                \item Comparison of features with existing character sets
            \end{enumerate}
            \item Compare selected shapes to minimise ambiguity
            \item Use surviving small unit shapes as input shapes for next round
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Project outline}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Repeat until certain stopping condition is met
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Evaluation}
    \begin{itemize} 
        \item By definition only adequate by humans
        \item Human evaluation takes time
        \item Comparison of features with existing character set
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Prospective Timeline}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item June - July: Implement user interface, extract unit shapes and setup shape grammar
        \item July - August: Setup genetic algorithm for evaluation of shapes
        \item August - September: Write report and prepare presentation
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\section{Questions}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Thank you for listening}
    \begin{center}
    Questions?
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\end{document}
